Strain induced alteration of the gadolinium surface state

The electronic structure of strained and unstrained Gd(0001) has been studi ed with photoemission, inverse photoemission, and spin-polarized photoemiss ion, A shift of the occupied majority and unoccupied minority surface state s has been observed as a result of the strain, consistent with the phase ac cumulation model. There is a strain induced shift of the minority spin surf ace state across the Fermi level. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [ S0021-8979(98)28611-7].