The perfectly matched layer (PML) concept is interpreted as a change in the
metric of space. By using the language of differential forms applied to th
e electromagnetic fields and exploring the metric invariance of Maxwell's e
quations, the various prevalent PML formulations (Maxwellian and non-Maxwel
lian) are unified. The analysis also I reveals that other PML formulations
are also possible, embodying the previous PML formulations as special cases
. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.