Analysis on waste-heat transportation systems with different heat-energy carriers

The transport of what would otherwise be waste-heat (at temperatures betwee n 30 degrees C and 300 degrees C) through pipelines using as an energy carr ier either methanol or hydrogen gas has been studied. By using numerical models, the relative costs of new kinds of waste-heat tr ansportation systems are evaluated and compared with those using vapor or h ot water, which have been the major energy-carriers in pipeline transmissio n systems until now. Also, environmental regulations and a carbon tax are investigated as incent ives for introducing these systems. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. Al right s reserved.