Self-management of fibromyalgia: The role of formal coping skills trainingand physical exercise training programs

There has been growing interest in the use of formal self-management traini ng programs for people with fibromyalgia (FM). In these programs, health ca re professionals serve as trainers and provide education about FM and guide d instruction in specific self-management strategies. A review of the liter ature on formal self-management training programs for FM suggests that they can be divided into groups: 1) those emphasizing training in coping skills (e,g., relaxation, activity pacing, and problem-solving techniques), and 2 ) those emphasizing training in physical exercise (e.g., cardiovascular fit ness, strength, and endurance training). In this article, we review studies that have tested the efficacy of both types of programs. In addition, we i dentify key individual and contextual variables that are related to outcome and highlight future directions in the research and development of self-ma nagement programs.