Functional role of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-7 in the development of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency

X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) is characterized by an a bsent or diminished number of T cells and natural-killer (NK) cells with a normal or elevated number of B cells, and results from mutations of the gam ma c chain. The gamma c chain is shared by interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4. IL-7 , IL-9, and IL-15 receptors. Recently, a survival signal through the IL-7 r eceptor alpha (IL-7R alpha) chain was shown to be important for T-cell deve lopment in mice and was suggested to contribute to the X-SCID phenotype. In the present study, we examined function of a mutant gamma c chain (A156V) isolated from an X-SCID patient and found that T cells expressing the mutan t gamma c chain were selectively impaired in their responses to IL-4 or IL- 7 compared with the wild-type gamma c chain expressing cells although respo nses to IL-2 or IL-15 were relatively maintained. The result shows that IL- 4- and/or IL-7-induced signaling through the gamma c chain is critical for T-cell development and plays an important role in the development of the X- SCID phenotype. (C) 1999 by The American Society of Hematology.