Measuring learning styles with questionnaires versus direct observation ofpreferential choice behavior in authentic learning situations: The visualizer/verbalizer behavior observation scale (VV-BOS)

Research on learning styles and their assessment has been the focus of grow ing interest due to rapid advances in educational multimedia applications. As an alternative to conventional questionnaires, the VV-BOS, a computer-ba sed instrument for direct observation of students' preference for visual or verbal learning material in an authentic learning situation, was developed . A study with 103 second language learners was conducted to assess the rel iability and validity of the scale scores provided by this instrument. The visualizer/verbalizer scale scores were highly reliable. They? correlated m oderately, with corresponding VVQ and ELSIE questionnaire scale scores. Stu dents' learning outcome could successfully be predicted using the VV-BOS sc ale, but not using the questionnaire scales. The results indicate that the direct observation of students' preferential choice behavior is a promising alternative to conventional questionnaires for the assessment of individua l differences in multimedia training and instruction. (C) 1998 Elsevier Sci ence Ltd. All rights reserved.