To investigate a potential new treatment for gastric Helicobacter pylori in
fection, we have examined the use of the natural antibiotic lactoferrin, fo
und in bovine milk, for activity against Helicobacter species both in vitro
and in vivo. Lactoferrin was bacteriostatic to H. pylori when cultured at
concentrations greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/ml. Growth of H. pylori was
not inhibited by another milk constituent, lysozyme, or by a metabolite of
lactoferrin, lactoferricin B, but growth was inhibited by the iron chelator
deferoxamine mesylate. Lactoferrin inhibition of growth could be reversed
by addition of excess iron to the medium. Lactoferrin in retail dairy milk
was found to be more stable intragastrically than unbuffered, purified lact
oferrin. Treatment of H. felis-infected mice with lactoferrin partially rev
ersed mucosal disease manifestations, It is concluded that bovine lactoferr
in has significant antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter species ill
vitro and in vivo. Bovine lactoferrin should be further investigated for po
ssible use in H. pylori infections in man.