Transport and the environment: the contribution of national and local policies

Transport is by far the most important sector for NOx emissions in the Neth erlands, accounting for a share of about 60% in 2020, while the share of N2 O emissions from transport is much lower: about 10% to 15%. This paper docu ments transport forecasts (volumes, energy use, emissions) for three macro- economic and two policy scenarios (conventional solutions, liveable cities) for the 1995-2020 period. Both national and local policies for transport v olumes and (NOx) emissions, along with their effects, are described. Nation al policies include (EU) regulations for vehicles and fuels, pricing policy , public transport policies and national guidelines for policies on parking and land use. The most important local policies are those for parking, lan d use, cycling and restrictions for motorised vehicles.