R. Hetzel et al., Geology of the Bozdag area, central Menderes massif, SW Turkey: Pan-African basement and Alpine deformation, GEOL RUNDSC, 87(3), 1998, pp. 394-406
The Menderes massif consists of a Precambrian Core Series that preserves ev
idence for a polymetamorphic history and a Paleozoic/Mesozoic Cover Series
that experienced only the Alpine tectonometamorphic evolution. Structural,
petrographic, and geochronologic investigations in the central Menderes mas
sif demonstrate that (a) part of the metamorphic and structural evolution o
f the Precambrian basement is older than the undeformed 551+/-1.4-Ma-old Bi
rgi metagranite, and (b) inferred Alpine fabrics overprinting the Cover Ser
ies largely have the same attitudes as the old structures in the much older
Core Series. The inferred Alpine fabrics include both contractional and ex
tensional structures. Contraction under greenschist to amphibolite facies c
onditions resulted in the imbrication of the Core and Cover Series and gene
rated an inverted metamorphic sequence by north-directed thrusting. During
Alpine extension, most of the south-dipping thrust faults were reactivated
as extensional shear zones under decreasing greenschist facies conditions.