Satellite remote sensing of smoke aerosol and estimates of aerosol forcing
of climate require knowledge of the aerosol optical properties. A smoke aer
osol physical and optical model is developed from a database of over 800 vo
lume size distributions inverted from sky radiance data measured by the AER
ONET radiometer network in Brazil over a 3-year period. The model represent
s total column, ambient conditions during the burning season in the Amazon
Basin and cerrado region of Brazil. The mean volume size distributions are
bimodal and can be represented by two lognormals. Accumulation mode modal r
adius is 0.13 +/- 0.02 mu m with sigma = 0.60 +/- 0.04, and coarse-mode mod
al radius ranges from 6 to 40 mu m, with a mean of 11.5 mu m and sigma = 1.
26 +/- 0.23. The volume of each mode varies with optical thickness, causing
the ratio of accumulation mode and coarse mode to vary as well, but the ef
fect on the optical properties is negligible. Refractive index is taken to
be 1.43-0.0035i, and single scattering albedo is assumed to be 0.90, which
is modeled with an external mixing of black carbon. The optical properties
in the visible are dominated by the accumulation mode. Accumulation mode ch
aracteristics do not vary from year to year, from forest to cerrado region,
with optical thickness or with precipitable water vapor. At one test locat
ion, accumulation mode characteristics do vary with air mass trajectory ori
gin. The model is tested with independent data and can accurately predict t
he scattering phase function and path radiance in the backscattering direct
ion that determines remote sensing properties and is responsible for scatte
ring sunlight back to space.