Pharyngeal airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea - Pathophysiologyand clinical implications

In obstructive sleep apnea, airflow obstruction is caused by pharyngeal col lapse. Current evidence suggests that anatomic alterations predispose to ph aryngeal collapse. This article examines the role of structures that elonga te and dilate the pharynx in maintaining pharyngeal patency. Their influenc e on pharyngeal collapsibility is considered. Insights gained are then pres ented within a conceptual framework that can be used for treating patients.