We demonstrate that a system of self-propelled particles exhibits spontaneo
us symmetry breaking and self-organization in one dimension, in contrast wi
th previous analytical predictions. To explain this surprising result we de
rive a new continuum theory that can account for the development of the sym
metry broken state and belongs to the same universality class as the discre
te self-propelled particle model. [S0031-9007(98)07911-3].