Bioavailability of vitamin D from wild edible mushrooms (Cantharellus tubaeformis) as measured with a human bioassay

Background: The bioavailability of vitamin D from mushrooms in humans is un known. Objective: We investigated the bioavailability of vitamin D from wild edibl e mushrooms (Cantharellus tubaeformis) using the increase in serum 25-hydro xyvitamin D concentrations as a measure of vitamin D bioavailability. Design: Twenty-seven volunteers with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentratio ns <60 nmol/L ((x) over bar: 38.5 nmol/L; range: 15-60 nmol/L) were randoml y divided into 3 groups of 9 persons each. For 3 wk, excluding Saturdays an d Sundays, group 1 received mushrooms (C. tubaeformis) providing 14 mu g er gocalciferol/d with their lunch, group 2 (control) received an ergocalcifer ol supplement providing 14 mu g/d, and group 3 (also a control) received no supplementation. Results: At the beginning of the study, mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D conc entrations did not differ significantly among the groups (P = 0.280). When all 3 groups were considered, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations show ed different time-related changes among the groups during the study: group (P = 0.388), time (P = 0.000), and group x time (P = 0.001). When groups 1 and 2 were compared with group 3, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations at 3 wk differed significantly between groups 1 and 3 (P = 0.032) as well a s between groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.004). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrati ons at 3 wk did not differ significantly between groups 1 and 2 (P = 0.317) . Conclusions: We showed for the first time that ergocalciferol was well abso rbed from lyophilized and homogenized mushrooms in humans and that vitamin D bioavailability can be studied in humans with such an experimental protoc ol.