Dynamic adaptation of microbes

This contribution gives paradigms for static and dynamic effectors of micro bial cultures. Macroscopic and physiological steady states are differentiat ed. The examples comprise: inhibitory and regulatory effects of medium comp onents affecting growth and product formation. possible pitfalls in trying to speed-up operational procedures, responses to foam Formation and supply of alternate carbon or oxygen sources, and cell cycle dependent events. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.