This paper describes the crucial importance of irrigated agriculture to dev
eloping countries and to the world as a whole. This is followed by a summar
y of key problems that restrict and diminish the benefits of irrigated agri
culture. Solution of these problems will above all require a holistic appro
ach and will require changes in the institutions involved. These institutio
ns include those of the developing countries, of the developed countries th
at provide aid, and of the international financing and technical-assistance
agencies. Engineers in the developed countries have had, and will continue
to have, a leading role but will need some redirection. ASCE could provide
valuable assistance in this redirection.