Twenty uninjured male volunteers were studied to characterize normal elbow
proprioception and to investigate the effect of applying an elastic bandage
to the extremity and injection of an intraarticular anesthetic. A modified
Biodex dynamometer was used to study position sense and detection of motio
n. In part 1 of the study position sense was tested by flexing the elbow to
a predetermined angle, returning to the starting position, and then asking
the subject to identify that angle. In part 2 detection of motion was test
ed by asking the subject to disengage the apparatus by pressing a stop butt
on when movement was detected. The testing conditions in part I and part 2
were repeated after the elbow was wrapped with an elastic bandage and again
after an intraarticular injection of 3 cc 1% lidocaine with the bandage re
moved. Ten additional subjects underwent testing of both elbows to examine
the effect of arm dominance. Mean position sense was within 3.3 degrees +/-
1.3 degrees of the actual angle in trials without an elastic bandage or an
anesthetic. A significant improvement in position sense was observed (2.2
degrees +/- 1.2 degrees) after an elastic bandage was applied (P < .004). N
o significant difference was seen in position sense after lidocaine was inj
ected The mean threshold for detection of motion in trials without an elast
ic bandage or an anesthetic was 4.21 degrees +/- 1.56 degrees. No significa
nt differences were seen in detection of motion observed with the elastic b
andage or intraarticular anesthetic. No significant differences were seen b
etween dominant and nondominant extremities for both position sense and det
ection of motion.
The application of an elastic bandage improved position sense, suggesting t
hat tactile cues From cutaneous or other extraarticular receptors may play
a role in elbow proprioception. Intraarticular anesthesia, however, had lit
tle effect, suggesting that intracapsular receptors play a lesser role in e
lbow proprioception. The determination of proprioceptive qualities for the
normal elbow can aid in the understanding of elbow function and provide a b
asis for defining its role in elbow dysfunction.