Early prognostic indicators of outcome in infants with neonatal cerebral infarction: A clinical, electroencephalogram, and magnetic resonance imagingstudy

Objective. The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors in newb orns with cerebral infarction. Design. Antenatal and perinatal factors and early clinical, electroencephal ogram (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were compared wi th neurodevelopmental outcome in 24 children with evidence of cerebral infa rction on neonatal MRT. Results. Out of 24 infants, 19 had an infarction in the territory of a majo r cerebral vessel and 5 in the border-zone between cerebral arteries. Neuro motor outcome was normal in 17 and abnormal in 7 infants. Of these 7 infant s, 5 infants showed a definite hemiplegia, whereas the other 2 showed some asymmetry of tone or function but no definite hemiplegia. None of the adverse antenatal or perinatal factors was significantly associ ated with abnormal outcome. Neonatal clinical examination was also not alwa ys predictive of the outcome. The extent of the lesion on MRI was a better predictor. In particular, it was the concomitant involvement of hemisphere, internal capsule and basal ganglia that was always associated with an abno rmal outcome whereas the involvement of only one or two of the three tended to be associated with a normal outcome. EEG was also very helpful. Abnormal background activity either unilateral o r bilateral was found in 6 infants and 5 out of 6 developed hemiplegia. In contrast, the presence of seizure activity in presence of a normal backgrou nd was not related to abnormal outcome. Conclusions. Early MRI and EEG can help to identify the infants with cerebr al infarction who are likely to develop hemiplegia.