Cultural and structural constraints on total quality management implementation

We present a model delineating the influence of national culture and organi zational culture/structure on the effectiveness of total quality management (TQM) implementation. Researchers can use this model to examine further co nnections between contextual variables and TQM success. Practitioners cart identify the expected success of TQM programmes in their company, and use t he four-step proactive approach to diagnose and change the company's cultur e and structure.