Prevalence of GB virus type C hepatitis G virus RNA and of anti-E2 in individuals at high or low risk for blood-borne or sexually transmitted viruses: evidence of sexual and parenteral transmission
Jj. Lefrere et al., Prevalence of GB virus type C hepatitis G virus RNA and of anti-E2 in individuals at high or low risk for blood-borne or sexually transmitted viruses: evidence of sexual and parenteral transmission, TRANSFUSION, 39(1), 1999, pp. 83-94
BACKGROUND: The first epidemiologic evidence of GB virus type C (GBV-C)/hep
atitis G virus (HGV) infection showed a high prevalence of asymptomatic car
riers in blood donors and in populations at risk for blood-borne viruses. H
owever, by using only viral RNA polymerase chain reaction, those studies un
derestimated the true spread of GBV-C/HGV infection. The combined detection
of GBV-C/HGV RNA and of anti-E2 (which reflects recovery from infection) i
s necessary to define accurately the prevalence of GBV-C/HGV.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The presence of both anti-E2 and GBV-C/HGV RNA wa
s searched for in 1438 serum samples collected from various groups of indiv
iduals at low or high risk for blood-borne or sexually transmitted viruses
(blood donors, organ donors, unselected pregnant women, immunocompetent or
immunodepressed multiply transfused patients, HIV-positive or HIV-negative
homosexual men, intravenous drug addicts).
RESULTS: The presence of GBV-C/HGV RNA and/or anti-E2 (exposure to GBV-C/HG
V) was frequent in populations at risk for blood-borne or sexually transmit
ted viruses. GBV-C/HGV appeared also to be sexually transmitted, with trans
mission from male to female more efficient than vice versa. A particularly
elevated level of exposure to GBV-C/HGV was observed in homosexual men. In
immunocompetent individuals, the prevalence of anti-E2 was about twice that
of GBV-C/HGV RNA, which suggests the frequency of recovery from GBV-C/HGV
infection. Most of the GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive individuals had no biochemica
l evidence of liver damage.
CONCLUSIONS: GBV-C/HGV is frequent in populations at risk for blood-borne o
r sexually transmitted viruses. GBV-C/HGV is not a hepatitis virus, and it
seems appropriate to rename it.