Rw. Pemberton, The potential of biological control to manage Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum), an invasive weed in Florida, AM FERN J, 88(4), 1998, pp. 176-182
Lygodium microphyllum is native to wet tropical and subtropical Africa, Asi
a, Australia, and the Pacific islands. The genus Lygodium is taxonomically
isolated and has only one native species in North America. Specialized natu
ral enemies of L. microphyllum are predicted to exist that can be safely em
ployed to central the fern in Florida, where it is a severe problem.