A theory of cultural values and some implications for work

A theory of the types of values on which cultures can be compared is presen ted and validated with data from 49 nations from around the world. Seven ty pes of values are identified, structured along three polar dimensions: Cons ervatism versus Intellectual and Affective Autonomy; Hierarchy versus Egali tarianism; and Mastery versus Harmony. Based on their cultural value priori ties, nations are arrayed in a two-dimensional space, revealing meaningful groupings of culturally related nations. Analyses replicate with both teach er and student samples. Implications of national differences in cultural va lues for differences in meaning of work are explicated. To stimulate resear ch on cultural values and work, hypotheses are developed regarding the cult ural value emphases that are especially compatible or conflicting with work centrality, with different societal norms about work, and with the pursuit of four types of work values or goals.