Impact of air pollution on prevalence of rhinitis in Istanbul

The effects of air pollution on health are of concern worldwide. There are several pollutants of concern, among which are sulfur dioxide, total suspen ded particulates, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic c hemicals. In several studies, researchers investigated the effects of those pollutants on lung and nasal functions, although in very few studies has n asal function been addressed. We evaluated the effects of air pollution on the prevalence of rhinitis in a metropolitan of Turkey, Istanbul. Until 199 4, coal was used for both domestic heating and industrial processes in the city. Consequently, sulfur dioxide and total suspended particulate concentr ations in the ambient air exceeded limits of air-quality standards. In rece nt years, especially during the early 1990s, hazardous air pollution levels were reached in Istanbul. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of rhi nitis before and after installation of a natural-gas network in a polluted area of the city. In 1994, 62.5% of the individuals studied suffered from r hinitis, compared with 51% of the sample in 1996 (p <.05). Age, gender, smo king status, heating source, nor household crowding significantly affected this outcome. The findings strengthened the role of pollutant levels as ris k factors for rhinitis.