Anodic materials for electrolyzers

This paper is a review of the main anodic materials (including coatings) us ed in industrial electrochemical cells. The mechanism of the electrochemica l reactions is given in detail; many examples of applications as well as th e probable new developments in electrode materials are discussed. An import ant part of the paper is devoted to carbon and precious metal oxides coatin gs on a valve metal substrate such as titanium, leading to dimensionally st able anodes (DSA). The mechanism of the deactivation process of DSA is desc ribed: the passivation is due to the formation of a passivating TiO2 layer between the titanium substrate and the electrocatalytic coating.