Objective: To delineate the frequency and causes of admission to a critical
care environment for patients undergoing head and neck surgery at Memorial
Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
Design: Retrospective clinical investigation.
Setting: Adult intensive care unit of a tertiary referral cancer center.
Patients: All head and neck surgery patients admitted to the special care u
nit (SCU) of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between January 1, 1994
and December 31, 1995 were included in this study.
Interventions: None.
Measurements and Main Results: The data collected included demographic, ope
rative procedures, clinical, laboratory, and physiologic variables at time
of SCU admission, at 24 hrs, as well as vital status at the time of dischar
ge from the SCU and hospital. Other data collected were the need for mechan
ical ventilation and inotropic agents. During the period of January 1, 1994
through December 31, 1995, 37 (1.5%) of 2,346 patients undergoing head and
neck surgical procedures required admission to the SCU. During the same pe
riod, six patients receiving medical treatment only for head and neck malig
nant disease were transferred to the SCU. These 43 admissions served as the
basis for the study. The causes of admission to the SCU were pulmonary (15
/43), cardiac (14/43), wound related (8/43), and other (15/43). The median
length of stay in the SCU was 2 days, and the median hospitalization for pa
tients requiring critical care services was 22 days. Seventy four percent o
f patients requiring critical care services were eventually discharged to h
ome.
Conclusions: Current preoperative evaluation, operative and anesthetic tech
niques, and perioperative care result in a low frequency of utilization of
critical care services by patients undergoing head and neck surgery. There
is no single identifiable cause of complications for patients after head an
d neck surgery leading to utilization of critical care services.