M. Lahav et al., A covalently linked quinone-ferrocene monolayer-electrode: A pH sensor with an internal reference, ELECTROANAL, 10(17), 1998, pp. 1159-1162
A covalently linked naphthoquinone-ferrocene pair monolayer is assembled on
to a Au-electrode. The electrochemistry of the quinone components is pH-con
trolled, whereas the ferrocene electroactivity is pH-independent. This tran
sforms the functionalized monolayer electrode to a pH-sensor that excludes
the need for a reference electrode for pH-determination.