Ev. Balanovskaya et Sd. Nurbaev, Selective structure of the gene pool: III. Estimation from F-ST-statisticswith the use of numerical resampling, GENETIKA, 34(10), 1998, pp. 1434-1446
The selection pressure on the ith gene was determined on the basis of the h
eterogeneity of interpopulation diversity F-ST(i), assumptingn that the sig
nificant deviation of F-ST(i) (observed differentiation of the ith gene) fr
om F-e (selectively neutral differentiation) indicates selection. A selecti
vely neutral variation F-e was estimated from the mean (F) over bar(ST). av
eraged over the total set of genes. Since the validity of the equation (F)
over bar(ST) approximate to F-e = (4 (N) over bar(e)M(e) + 1)(-1) depends o
n the fulfilment of conditions of the theoretical model as well as on organ
ization of sampling of genes and subpopulations rather than on statistical
parameters of the gene sample, an additional correction by boot-strapping i
s suggested. Simulation of sampling of the gene pool using numerical resamp
ling (10(6) samples from each of the 50 markers) allowed us to characterize
the selective structure of the gene pool. This structure consists of the f
ollowing: one class of selectively neutral genes, NEUTRAL (F-ST(i) approxim
ate to F-e); and two classes of selective genes, LOWER DIFF (F-ST(i) < F-e)
and SUPER DIFF (F-ST(i) > F-e) Interclass regions N-LOWER and N-SUPER betw
een the classes of neutral and selective genes were defined with the use of
bootstrapping. The hypothesis on the presence or absence of selection cann
ot be formulated with regard to the genes included in the interclass region
s. A general trend for all gene pools of the world was revealed: the ratio
between the boundary values of selective classes and F-e is constant. On th
e basis of this, a rapid and simple technique for estimating selective valu
es of genes was developed. The positions of more than 80 immunobiochemical
gene markers in the selective structure of six gene pools of the world (Eur
ope, Asia, Africa, Australia, America, and northeastern Eurasia) are presen
ted. The selective structure of five subregions of northeastern Eurasia (Ca
ucasus, Europe, Ural, Siberia, and Central Asia) are characterized as well.