In this contribution, structural levels existing in common thermoplastics a
re defined, followed by a brief discussion of the mechanisms of formation o
f long-chain molecules. In the nea step, morphology of semicrystalline ther
moplastics is discussed in considerable detail. Special paragraphs are devo
ted to the quantitative description of the relationship between various str
uctural levels and elastic moduli, yield strength and fracture toughness fo
r semicrystalline and glassy thermoplastics used as matrices for filled cou
mpounds. The last paragraph contains a detailed discussion of the structure
-property relationships in PP.