Alternate child care, history of hospitalization, and preschool child behavior

Background: With more single mothers entering the workforce due to welfare reform efforts, more hospitalized children from single-parent families will have experienced alternate child care arrangements where routine care is p rovided by adults other than the child's mother. Objectives: To investigate with secondary analysis of data whether experien ce with alternate child care has a moderating effect on the relationship be tween hospitalization and behavior of preschool children living in female-h eaded single-parent families. Method: A sample of 60 preterm and 61 full-term children who were 3, 4, or 5 years old was recruited for the larger longitudinal study. Behavior probl ems were measured with the Child Behavior Checklist. History of hospitaliza tion and alternate child care arrangements were measured with the Life Hist ory Calendar. Results: Preschool children who experienced hospitalization without alterna te child care experience had more somatic complaints, but those with both h ospital and alternate child care experience had fewer aggressive behaviors than other children. For children with a history of hospitalization, aggres sive behaviors decreased as the proportion of the child's life in alternate child care increased. Conclusions: Experience with alternate child care may ameliorate some of th e negative effects of hospitalization, and potentially other novel and nega tive experiences, for preschool children. This could be due to child care p roviding positive experiences with separation from the mother, a peer group with which to talk about the novel experience, or actual instruction about the novel experience.