Xc. Gao et al., Invariant theory and exact solutions for the quantum Dirac field in a time-dependent spatially homogeneous electric field, PHYS REV A, 59(1), 1999, pp. 55-63
On the basis of the generalized invariant formulation, the invariant-relate
d unitary transformation method is used to study the evolution of the quant
um Dirac field in a time-dependent spatially homogeneous electric field. We
solve the functional Schrodinger equation for the Dirac field and obtain t
he exact solutions and corresponding total phase. The total phase includes
both the dynamical phase and geometric phase (Aharonov-Anandan phase). [S10
50-2947(98)07512-X].