It is demonstrated, using reflectance difference spectroscopy, scanning tun
neling microscopy, and low-energy electron diffraction, combined with delib
erate straining of the surface, that the presence of atomic steps dramatica
lly changes the optical anisotropy of the Si(001) surface. The step-induced
reflectance difference signal originates predominately from rebonded steps
and is comparable in magnitude to that of the terrace signal.