In the field of high thermomechanical performance polymers, linear and ther
mosetting systems offer complementary properties. Among the thermosetting m
aterials, BMIs and BNIs have been extensively studied and are now commercia
lly available. In this chapter, firstly the main preparation and characteri
zation methods are reviewed, and then the chemistry of the polymerization p
rocesses is discussed for both families. For the BMIs, due to the electroph
ilic character of their double bond, different polymerization pathways have
been published, which is not the case for BNIs. Special attention has been
paid to thermal polymerization which has already been used in industrial a
chievements; however, on the other hand, the structure of these materials h
as been considered for the purpose of establishing relationships between pr
ocessability, stability and thermomechanical properties.