The impact of attitudes on memory: An affair to remember

Many theories of the effects of attitudes on memory for attitude-relevant i nformation would predict that: attitudinally congenial information should b e more memorable than uncongenial information. Yet, this meta-analysis show ed that this congeniality effect is inconsistent across the experiments in this research literature and small when these effects are aggregated. The t endency of the congeniality effect to decrease over the years spanned by th is literature appeared to reflect the weaker methods used in the earlier st udies. The effect was stronger in 2 kinds of earlier experiments that may b e tinged with artifact: those in which the coding of recall measures was no t known to be blind and those that used recognition measures that were not corrected for bias. Nonetheless, several additional characteristics of the studies moderated the congeniality effect and suggested that both attitude structure and motivation to process attitude-relevant information are relev ant to understanding the conditions under which people have superior memory for attitudinally congenial or uncongenial information.