Two effects of repetition: Support for a dual-process model of know judgments and exclusion errors

In three experiments, a remember/know recognition test (Experiments 1-2) an d an exclusion test (Experiments 2-3) were used to examine effects of repea ted study presentations. An effect of study repetition was obtained for rem ember but not know judgments, similar to results reported by Gardiner, Kami nska, Dixon, and Java (1996). Experiment 2 demonstrated the similarity betw een know responses and exclusion errors; neither was affected by repeated s tudy presentations. In Experiment 3, a response deadline procedure was used to show that exclusion errors are the product Of two opposing processes-re collection and familiarity-both of which are influenced by repetition. The interpretation of exclusion errors and know responses is shown to require a dual-process model that includes an assumption about the relationship betw een processes.