Imaging canine urocystoliths - Detection and prediction of mineral content

The role of survey radiography, contrast radiography and ultrasonography in the assessment of urocystolithiasis has been primarily one of detection. I nformation about the radiographic characteristics of uroliths (size, shape, radiopacity, surface characteristics, number detected) for characterizatio n and diagnosis of urocystolithiasis is emerging; however, there are no stu dies on the accuracy or sensitivity of these techniques. In this article, t he intent is to update knowledge about available imaging techniques used in the detection and characterization of urocystoliths based on recent studie s designed to evaluate their accuracy in prediction of different urocystoli ths mineral content.