Canine calcium oxalate urolithiasis - Case-based applications of therapeutic principles

This case study illustrates the diagnosis and management of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in Bichon Frise, a breed at increased risk for this type of s tone. If the Bichon Frise had persistent hypercalcemia, serum concentration s of ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D would be evaluated to identify an underlying cause. Because his urine was alkaline, additiona l potassium citrate was not provided. Likewise, as a fortified diet was fed to him, vitamin B6 therapy was not considered. This case study illustrates the benefits of radiographic evaluation immediately following surgery and during follow-up examinations, if we had postponed radiographs until the pa tient developed clinical signs, additional surgical procedures may have bee n required.