An integrated global and local optimization approach for remediation system design

A global optimization (metaheuristic) method, tabu search, is integrated wi th linear programming to solve remediation design problems. This integrated approach takes advantage of the fact that the global optimization approach is most effective for optimizing discrete well location variables, while l inear programming is much more efficient for optimizing continuous pumping rate variables. In addition, an efficient forward solution updating procedu re is used to lessen the computational burden of the global optimization ap proach. With this procedure the new solution to a linear flow model perturb ed by pumping is obtained as the sum of a nonperturbed base solution and th e solution to the perturbed portion of the flow system, which can be derive d directly without running the flow model. Numerical results, based on a tw o-dimensional capture zone design problem, show that the computation time c an be reduced to a small fraction of that required by the conventional appr oach, in which a forward simulation model is run each time the objective fu nction needs to be evaluated. It is also demonstrated that the maximum numb er of wells allowed in a given design has a significant effect on the total remediation costs. (The total remediation costs are nearly doubled when on ly one well is allowed instead of the optimal number of six for the test pr oblem.) A Monte Carlo analysis, based on 200 realizations of a lognormally distributed random hydraulic conductivity field (the variance of InT = 1.0) , further reveals that the total remediation costs determined for the heter ogeneous aquifer have a large uncertainty (the ratio of standard derivation over mean is 0.4). The total remediation costs and associated uncertainty are also shown to increase with the uncertainty of the hydraulic conductivi ty field.