This paper investigates the prognostic value of flash visual evoked potenti
als (VEPs) recorded in preterm infants at birth and at term age with respec
t to severe neurological outcome. Flash VEPs were recorded in 81 preterm in
fants at birth (i.e. <35 weeks' gestation) and repeated in 56 of these infa
nts at term age. The preterm infants were assigned to either a healthy or a
t-risk subgroup based on clinical birth factors. Normal ranges of flash-VEP
latencies, amplitudes, and number of components present were obtained from
the subgroup of healthy preterm infants and from 68 term infants tested po
stnatally. The flash-VEP results of the entire preterm group were compared
with the normal ranges and any abnormalities noted. Seven preterm infants i
n the at-risk group died, six of whom had abnormal flash VEPs before term a
ge. Of the five infants from the at-risk group diagnosed with cerebral pals
y (CP), three had abnormal flash VEPs before term age. Thus the sensitivity
and specificity of the flash VEP with respect to survival was 86% and 89%
respectively, and with respect to the development of CP was 60% and 92%. Th
e abnormal features of the flash VEP associated with adverse outcomes compr
ised a delayed N3 component before term age and the absence of a positive c
omponent (P2) at term age.