TXRF became a standard, on-line inspection cool fur controlling the cleanli
ness of polished Si wafers for semiconductor use. Wafer makers strive for a
n all-over metallic cleanliness of < 10(10) atoms . cm(-2). The all-over cl
eanliness can be analyzed using VPD/TXRE For VPD preparation and scanning w
e have developed an automatic system coupled with TXRF. With synchrotron ra
diation TXRF we were able to detect 13 fg of Ni in a residual microdroplet,
i.e.10(5) atoms . cm(-2).