Identification of 9-O acetyl sialoglycoconjugates (9-OAcSGs) as biomarkersin childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia using a lectin, achatinin(H), asa probe

Neoplastic transformation causes changes in cell surface architecture, most notably, aberrant sialylation. Exploiting the restricted specificity of a 9-O acetyl sialic acid (9-OAcSA) binding lectin, Achatinin(H) (ATN(H)), we have identified two 9-O acetyl sialoglyconjugates (9-OAcSGs) on lymphoblast s of 87 children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The pre ferential binding of ATN, to lymphoblasts induces their Ii-fold increased a gglutination (81 +/- 7.8%) compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC) of normal donors (8 +/- 4.3%) which corroborates with flow cytometry studies. Agglutination of MOLT-4 (87 +/- 4.8%), a lymphoblastoid cell line and MDCK (91.25 +/- 0.01%), a cell line expressing surface 9-OAcSA, confirm s the preferential binding of ATN, to lymphoblasts through their surface 9- OAcSGs. Furthermore, fluorometric quantitation reveals a 4.6-fold increase in % of 9-OAcSA on lymphoblasts of ALL patients (42.1 +/- 4.1%) compared to normal donors (9.2. +/- 3.4%). Western blotting confirms that ATN, recogni zes two membrane sialoglycoconjugates, of MW 120 kDa and 90 kDa, both havin g 9-OAcSA alpha 2 --> 6 GalNAc terminal sugar moiety as their lectinogenic epitope. We propose that these 9-OAcSGs may serve as biomarkers for detecti on and monitoring of lymphoblasts in ALL and accordingly merit therapeutic considerations.