Second European Stroke Prevention Study: antiplatelet therapy is effectiveregardless of age

Background - The Second European Stroke Prevention Study (ESPS2) was a rand omized, placebo-controlled trial that investigated the efficacy of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and modified-release dipyridamole (DP), alone o r in combination, in the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. The trial demonstrated that the combination was significantly more effective than ei ther agent used alone. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inf luence of age on the efficacy of ASA and DP, alone or in combination, in th e secondary prevention of stroke in the ESPS2 population. Methods and resul ts - A total of 6602 patients were recruited to the ESPS2 and there were 4 treatment groups: ASA (25 mg twice daily), DP (200 mg twice daily), ASA and DP in a combined formulation, or placebo. Primary endpoints were stroke, d eath, and stroke or death together. The endpoints evaluated in the present study were stroke, stroke and/or death, and vascular events. Stroke was the qualifying event in 76% of the patients, while 24% had a transient ischaem ic attack. Patients were reviewed at 3-month intervals for 2 years. The stu dy population consisted of 2565 (39%) patients aged less than 65 years, 224 0 (34%) patients aged between 65 and 74 years, and 1797 (27%) patients aged 75 years and over, Advancing age was associated with an increased incidenc e of endpoints in all 4 treatment groups. The combination of ASA and DP sig nificantly reduced the incidence of all endpoints, compared with placebo, i n each age group. There was no influence of age on the efficacy of antiplat elet therapy for any of the evaluated endpoints. Relative risk reductions o f treatment compared with placebo were 11.1-27.6% in the ASA group, 8.0-18. 7% in the DP group, and 20.3-45.2% in patients receiving combination therap y. Conclusion - This study clearly demonstrates that combination therapy wi th DP and ASA is superior to either agent used alone in the secondary preve ntion of ischemic stroke, irrespective of the age of the patient.