Long-term effects of internment during early childhood on third-generationJapanese Americans

A national survey investigated the long-term effects of World War II intern ment on family communication, ethnic preference, confidence in personal rig hts, and attitudes to redress among third-generation Japanese Americans (sa nsei) who were infants or young children during incarceration. Findings wer e compared to those for noninterned sansei with and without parents who had been interned. Differences between interned and noninterned sansei were fo und primarily in family communication and family distance.