Transmission line model for variable step size simulation algorithms

In this paper, we describe a novel modeling approach for transmission lines that overcomes the maximum step size constraint of regular line models use d in electromagnetic transients programs. The new model allows us to accura tely simulate wave propagation phenomena as well as low network frequency v ariations with maximum efficiency, as the simulation step size is no longer restricted to model requirements, but can be adjusted according to the cur rent transient state of the network. The model was tested with a CIGRE line energization case study which was performed utilizing a variable simulatio n step size algorithm for a combined study of electromagnetic transients an d transient stability. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.