The conditions for formation of subsurface oxygen on the Ru(0001) surface h
ave been studied using thermal desorption spectroscopy, low energy electron
diffraction (LEED) and specular helium scattering. The incorporation of ox
ygen has been performed via dissociative chemisorption of three molecular c
arriers of atomic oxygen: NO2, O-2 and N2O. The rates for oxygen dissolutio
n can be related to the initial dissociative sticking probability of the mo
lecules on the bare Ru surface. For sample temperatures below 800 K, oxygen
penetration into the subsurface region starts only when oxygen molecules i
mpinge on the saturated adsorbed layer characterized by the 1X1 O LEED patt
ern, indicative of 1 monolayer. A thermally induced transformation of this
chemisorbed 1X1 O phase into subsurface oxygen could not be caused even at
temperatures close to the onset of oxygen desorption. Oxygen incorporation
into the subsurface region by passing through the 1X1 O adsorbed layer, how
ever, shows Arrhenius-type behavior. For impinging O-2 molecules, the onset
of subsurface oxygen formation appears at 550 K and the entire process is
characterized by a rather low activation energy of about 0.5 eV. Deposition
of alkali metals on the Ru(0001) surface does not enhance the probability
for oxygen dissolution. The resulting oxygen content is substantially reduc
ed and this effect strongly depends on the coverage of alkali-metal atoms.
In contrast structural defects on the Ru surface, as generated by Ar 1 sput
tering and characterized by specular He scattering, act as promoters for ox
ygen accommodation. The onset for oxygen penetration on a rough surface alr
eady begins at about 350 K and the resulting oxygen content can be directly
related to the surface roughness. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics.
[S0021-9606(99)71105-0].