Antiviral drug therapy of filovirus infections: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors inhibit Ebola virus in vitro and in a lethal mouse model

Ebola (subtype Zaire) viral replication was inhibited in vitro by a series of nine nucleoside analogue inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, an important target for antiviral drug development. Adult BALB/c mice leth ally infected with mouse-adapted Ebola virus die 5-7 days after infection. Treatment initiated on day 0 or 1 resulted in dose-dependent protection, wi th mortality completely prevented at doses greater than or equal to 0.7 mg/ kg every 8 h, There was significant protection (90%) when treatment was beg un on day 2, at which time, the liver had an average titer of 3 x 10(5) pfu /g virus and the spleen had 2 x 10(6) pfu/g. Treatment with 2.2 mg/kg initi ated on day 3, when the liver had an average titer of 2 x 10(7) pfu/g virus and the spleen had 2 x 10(8) pfu/g, resulted in 40% survival. As reported here, Carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine is the first compound demonstrated to cu re animals from this otherwise lethal Ebola virus infection.