Recent studies of retinal damage due to ultrashort laser pulses have shown
that less energy is required for retinal damage for pulses shorter than 1 n
s than that for longer pulses. It has also been shown that more energy is r
equired for near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths than in the visible because the
light focuses behind the retina, requiring more energy to produce a damagi
ng fluence on the retina. We review the progress made in determining the tr
ends in retinal damage from laser pulses of 1 ns to 100 fs in the visible a
nd NIR wavelength regimes. We have determined the most likely damage mechan
ism(s) operative in this pulse width regime. (C) 1999 Laser Institute of Am
erica.