The effectiveness of "second generation" behavioural intervention was evalu
ated in a naturalistic therapy programme for adults with intellectual disab
ilities and behaviour problems. Naturalistic interventions involve lifestyl
e changes, altering the social ecology of community settings, and understan
ding clients' needs, rather than simple contingency management of individua
l behaviours. This approach was compared to traditional behaviour analysis
stressing positive reinforcement. All interventions were designed and condu
cted by support staff in community-based facilities, and implemented within
a supervision model, using psychology consultants to provide direction but
not to design specific programmes. Serious behaviour problems were success
fully ameliorated by both types of intervention, but the naturalistic treat
ments proved more likely to result in significant changes in clients' quali
ty of life, were more likely to be continued, and resulted in improved staf
f relationships with clients.