A multi-spoke, three plane tyre model for simulation of transient behaviour

Based on the multi-spoke, single-plane, steady-state tyre model, a transien t multi-spoke, three-plane tyre model is presented. This model involves upd ating the states of all the spokes under consideration to t + delta t from the corresponding states at t. Also, a spoke base, which has lateral and lo ngitudinal flexibilities relative to wheel hub, is included. By adding two extra planes of spokes to the original one, the effect of tyre width is bui lt into the model. The three planes are equally spaced across the width of the tyre. The interaction with the ground of the spokes on these three plan es is used to represent that of tyre elements at different locations across the width. Analytical results show good qualitative agreement with publish ed experimental data. This model can be used to illustrate transient tyre b ehaviour and in simulations in which a generic tyre will suffice.