Enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors for determination of organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides

A mini review of enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors for inhibition ana lysis of organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides is presented. Discussio n includes the most recent literature to present advances in detection limi ts, selectivity and real sample analysis. Recent reviews on the monitoring of pesticides and their residues suggest that the classical analytical tech niques of gas and liquid chromatography are the most widely used methods of detection(1,2). These techniques, although very accurate in their determin ations, can be quite time consuming and expensive and usually require exten sive sample clean up and pre-concentration. For these and many other reason s, the classical techniques are very difficult to adapt for field use. Numerous researchers, in the past decade, have developed and made improveme nts on biosensors for use in pesticide analysis. This mini review will focu s on recent advances made in enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors for th e determinations of organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides (Table 1).