Insect pests of pigeonpea and their management

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is an important crop in semi-arid tropical and su btropical farming systems, providing high quality vegetable protein, animal feed, and firewood. Insect pests feeding on flowers, pods, and seeds are t he most important biotic constraint affecting pigeonpea yields. This review summarizes the biology and ecology of the three most important groups of p ests: flower- and pod-feeding Lepidoptera, pod-sucking Hemiptera, and seed- feeding Diptera and Hymenoptera. Recent research investigating the complex interactions among pigeonpea, its key pests, and their natural enemies is a lso reviewed. These relationships have implications on the pest status of i ndividual species and on possible control strategies. Pigeonpea pest manage ment research has focused until recently on the identification and developm ent of resistant cultivars and on chemical control. Future research must fo cus on environmentally sound pest management strategies that are compatible with the needs and limitations of pigeonpea farmers. Several priority area s for research are suggested.