Nuclear magnetic resonance as a tool to study flow

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of flowing materials are revi ewed with emphasis on applications to multiphase flows. After a brief prese ntation of NMR physics, experimental considerations related to flow measure ments are discussed. Both imaging and non-imaging NMR as well as topics suc h as Earth's field NMR and rapid imaging are covered. Specific topics that follow are tagging and time-of-flight, phase measurement of velocity, diffu sion, turbulence, and calibration and validations. Finally, recent applicat ions are reviewed in the areas of sedimentation, suspension flows in Couett e and pipe geometries, rheometers and viscometers, liquid-liquid multiphase flows, porous media flow, granular flows, and turbulence.